Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
| Online Publication Date: 28 Oct 2013
Effects of a 4-month Ananda Yoga Program on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Effects of a 4-month Ananda Yoga Program on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
,
,
,
,
, and
Page Range: 27 – 38
Objectives: Yoga has been found to be effective for addressing problems with strength, flexibility, balance, gait, anxiety, depression, and concentration. Varying degrees of these problems occur in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study examined the effects of a comprehensive, 4-month yoga program on strength, mobility, balance, respiratory function, and quality of life for individuals with MS. Methods: Twenty four individuals with MS participated in an intensive Ananda Yoga training followed by 17 weeks of home practice. Results: Significant improvements in functional strength, balance, and peak expiratory flow and a trend toward improvements in mental health and quality of life outcomes were detected following the intervention. Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study suggest that yoga can have a positive impact on physical functioning and quality of life for persons with mild to moderate MS.
Berg, K., Wood-Dauphinee, S., Williams, J., & Maki, B. (1992). Measuring balance in the elderly: Validation of an instrument. Canadian Journal of Public Health, (S2), S10.
Bohannon, R. W. (1997). Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: Reference values and determinants. Age & Ageing, 26(1), 14.
Bowden, M., Balasu bramanian, C., Behrman, A., & Kautz, S. (2008). Validation of a speed-based classification system using quantitative measures of walking performance poststroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 22, 672-675.
Bowling, A. (2010). Complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis. Lifelong learning in neurology. Multiple Sclerosis, 16(5), 78-89.
Brown, R. (2009). Considerations in designing and applying yoga interventions for clinical research. Paper presented at the Third IAYT Symposium on Yoga Therapy and Research, Los Angeles, CA.
Carlson, L. E., Speca, M., Patel, K. D., & Goodey, E. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and pro state cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(4), 448.
deGroot, V., Bekerman, H., Uitdehaag, B. M., deVet, H., Lankhorst, G., Polman, C., & Bouter, L. (2006). The usefulness of evaluative outcome measures in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 129, 2648-2659.
Dou illard, J. (2011). The miracle of lymph. Retrieved 1/11/12 from www.lifespa.com/newsletter.aspx?newsletter_id=33 www.lifespa.com/newsletter.aspx?newsletter_id=33
Fischer, J., LaRocca, N., Miller, D., Ritvo, P., Andrews, H., & Paty, D. (1999). Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 5, 251.
Frankel, D. (2001). Multiple sclerosis. In D. Umphred (Ed.), Neurological rehabilitation (4th ed., pp. 595-596). St Louis, MO: Mosby.
Fritz, S., & Lusardi, M. (2009). Walking speed: The sixth vital sign. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 32(2), 2-5.
Fry, D., Pfalzer, L., Cho kshi, A., Wagner, M., & Jackson, E. (2007). Randomized controlled trial of effects of a 10-week inspiratory muscle training program on measures of pulmonary function in persons with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 31, 162-172.
Fulambarker, A., Farooki, B., Kheir, F., Copur, A., Srinivasan, L., & Schultz, S. (2010). Effect of yoga in chornic ob structive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Therapeutics, 19(2), 96-100.
Jayvandian, R., Nabavi, S., Oryan, S., Samadi, S., Khani, H., & Nikravesh, A. (2011). Influence of 6-week yoga on depression and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, 258(S1), S95-96.
Jenkinson, C., Peters, M., & Bromberg, M. B. (Eds.). (2011). Quality of life measurement in neurodegenerative and related conditions (1st ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Kishiyama, S., Carlsen, J., Lawrence, J., Small, E., Zajdel, D., & Oken, B. (2002). Yoga as an experimental intervention for cognition in multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 12, 57-62.
Kremenchtutzky, M., Rice, G., Baskerville, J., Wingerchuk, D., & Ebers, G. (2006). The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study: observations on the progressive phase o f the dise ase. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 129(Part 3), 584-594.
Kriyananda, S. (2011). Affirmations for self healing. Retrieved 2/17/12 from http://www.ananda.org/meditation/support/articles/affirmations.html http://www.ananda.org/meditation/support/articles/affirmations.html
Kriyananda, S. (2012). Our spiritual lineage. Retrieved 1/31/12 from http://www.ananda.org/ananda/lineage/kriyananda/ http://www.ananda.org/ananda/lineage/kriyananda/
Kurtzke, J. (1983). Rating neurologic impairment inmultiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale. Neurology, 33, 1444.
Lad, V. (2002). Textbook of Ayurveda (1st ed.). Albuquerque, NM: The Ayurvedic Press.
Lord, S. R., Murray, S. M., Chapman, K., Munro, B., & Tiedemann, A. (2002). Sit-to-stand performance depends on sensation, speed, balance, and psychological status in addition to strength in older people. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, 57A(8), M539.
Miller, A., & Dishon, S. (2006). Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: The impact of disability, gender and employment status. Quality of Life Research, 15(2), 259-271.
Miller, P., Moreland, J., & Stevenson, T. (2002). Measurement properties of a standardized version of the two-minute walk test for individuals with neurological dysfunction. Physiotherapy Canada, 54(4), 241-248.
Nayak, S. Matheis, R. J., Agostinelli, S., & Shiflett, S. C. (2001). The use of complementary and alternative therapies for chronic pain following spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 24, 54-62.
Novak, J. (1997). Lessons in meditation. In C. Clarity (Ed.), Ananda course in self-realization (pp. 71-91). Nevada City, CA: Hansa Trust.
Oken, B. S., Flegal, K., Zajdel, D., Kishiyama, S. S., Lovera, J., Bagert, B., & Bourdette, D. N. (2006). Cognition and fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Potential effects of medications with central nervous system activity. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 43(1), 83-90.
Oken, B. S., Kishiyama, S., Zajdel, D., Bourdette, D., Carlsen, J., Haas, M., . . . Mass, M. (2004). Randomized controlled trial of yoga and exercise in multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 62(11), 2058-2064.
O’Sullivan, S. (2007a). Examination of motor function: Motor control and motor learning. In S. O’Sullivan & T. Schmitz (Eds.), Physical rehabilitation (5th ed., pp. 254-258). Philadelphia: FA Davis Co.
O’Sullivan, S. (2007b). Multiple sclerosis. In S. O’Sullivan & T. Schmitz (Eds.), Physical rehabilitation (5th ed., p. 795). Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis.
Patti, F., Amato, M. P., Trojano, M., Bastianello, S., Tola, M. R., Picconi, O., . . . Gasperini, C. (2011). Quality of life, depression and fatigue in mildly disabled patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving subcutaneous inte rfe ron beta-1a: 3-year results from the COGIMUS (COGnitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis) study. Multiple Sclerosis, 17(8), 991-1001.
Perry, J., Garrett, M., Gronley, J., & Mulroy, S. (1995). Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke, 26, 982-989.
Podsiadlo, D., & Richardson, S. (1991). The timed "up and go": A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 39, 142-148.
Prieto-Gonzalez, J. (2000). Scales for functional assessment in multiple sclerosis. Revista de Neurologia, 30(12), 1246-1252.
Rao, S., Leo, G., Bernardin, L., & Unverzagt, F. (1991). Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns and prediction. Neurology, 41(5), 685-691.
Rietberg, M., Brooks, D., Uitdehaag, B., & Kwakkel, G. (2004). Exercise therapy for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004(3).
Ritvo, P., Fischer, J., Miller, D., Andrews, H., Paty, D., & LaRocca, N. (1997). MSQLI: Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory: a user's manual. New York, NY: National Muliple Sclerosis Society.
Romberg, A., Virtanen, A., & Ruutiainen, J. (2005). Long-term exercise improves functional impairment but not quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, 252(7), 839-845.
Rossier, P., & Wade, D. (2001). Validity and reliability comparison of 4 mobility measures in patients presenting with neurologic impairment. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(1), 9-13.
Shapiro, D., Cook, L. A., Davydov, D. M., Ottaviani, C., Leuchter, A. F., & Abrams, M. (2007). Yoga as a complementary treatment of depression: Effects of traits and moods on treatment outcome. Evidence - based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 4(4), 493-502.
Sharrack, B., Hughes, R. A. C., Soudain, S., & Dunn, G. (1999). The psychometric properties of clinical rating scales used in multiple sclerosis. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 122(Part 1), 141-159.
Sherbourne, C., Hays, R., Ordway, L., DiMatteo, M., & Kravitz, R. (1991). Antecedents of adherence to medical recommendations: Results from the medical outcomes study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(5), 447-468.
Sherman, K. J. (2004). Yoga and exercise may reduce fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Focus on Alternative & Complementary Therapies, 9(4), 312-313.
Silkwood - Sherer, D., Carone, L., Linto, R., & Murphy, M. (2005). Comparisons of the Berg Balance Scale with gait speed in predicting fall risk in p ersons with muliple sclerosis. Retrieved 3/29/07 from APTA www.neuropt.org/jnpt/subscribers/csmexpd.cfm?csmid=44 www.neuropt.org/jnpt/subscribers/csmexpd.cfm?csmid=44
Small, E. (2009). As a yoga therapist, this is what I do. Paper presented at the Third IAYT Symposium on Yoga Therapy and Research, Los Angeles, CA.
Small, E., & Fishman, L. (2007). Yoga and multiple sclerosis: A journey to healing. New York, NY: Demos Medical Publishing.
Society, A. T. S. E. R. (2005). Standardization of lung function testing: Standardization of spirometry. European Respiratory Journal, 26, 319-338.
Studenski, S., Perera, S., Wallace, D., Chandler, J. M., Duncan, P. W., Rooney, E., . . . Guralnik, J. M. (2003). Physical performance measures in the clinical setting. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(3), 314-322.
Stuifbergen, A., Blozis, S., Harrison, T., & Becker, H. (2006). Exercise, functional limitations and quality of life: A longitudinal study of persons with muliple sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87, 935-943.
Surakka, J., Romberg, A., Ruutiainen, J., Aunola, S., Virtanen, A., Karppi, S., & Mäentaka, K. (2004). Effects of aerobic and strength exercise on motor fatigue in men and women with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 18(7), 737-746.
Thorbahn, L. D. B. (1996). Use of the Berg Balance Test to predict falls in elderly persons. Physical Therapy, 76(6), 576.
Tyson, S., & Connell, L. (2009). The psychometric properties and clinical utility of measures of walking and mobility in neurological conditions: A systematic review. Clinical Rehabilitation, 23(11), 1018-1033.
Velikonja, O., Curic, K., Ozura, A., & Jazbec, S. S. (2010). Influence of sports climbing and yoga on spasticity, cognitive function, mood and f atigue in pati e nts with multiple sclerosis. Clinical Neurolo gy & Neurosurgery, 112(7), 597-601.
Wahbeh, H., Elsas, S., & Oken, B. (2008). Mind-body interventions: Applications in neurology. Neurology, 70(24), 2321.
Walker, I. D., & Gonzalez, E. W. (2007). Review of intervention studies on depression in persons with multiple sclerosis. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 28(5), 511-531.
Walters, J. (1967). Ananda Yoga for higher awareness. Nevada City, CA: Crystal Clarity Publishers.
Weller, R. O., Djuanda, E., Hong-Yeen, Y., & Carare, R. O. (2009). Lymphatic drainage of the brain and the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 117(1), 1-14.
Wootla, B., Eriguchi, M., & Rodriguez, M. (2012). Is multiple sclerosis an automimmune disease? Autoimmune Disease, 9, 696-697.
Yildiz, M. (2011). Slower walking speed limits the activities of daily living of multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of Neurology, 258(Sup 1), S96.
Yogananda. (1946). Autobiography of a yogi. Nevada City, CA: Crystal Clarity Publishers.