Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 09 Nov 2011

The Psychological Benefits of Yoga Practice for Older Adults: Evidence and Guidelines

Page Range: 129 – 142
DOI: 10.17761/ijyt.21.1.j4ll204h12535874
Save
Download PDF

Yoga is an effective complementary approach to health maintenance and promotion for older adults and has been demonstrated to support many dimensions of psychological wellbeing, from everyday stress to anxiety,depression, and coping with health challenges. Yoga has the potential to be even more effective when consciously and systematically integrated into an individual's overall self-care and medical care program, through deliberate and open dialogue among patients, healthcare professionals, and yoga professionals. The purpose of this article is to (1) briefly review the psychological benefits of yoga practice for older adults; (2) outline practice guidelines for older adult yoga, including key postures; and (3) provide some basic practical guidelines for both healthcare professionals referring patients to yoga and yoga teachers interested in working with older adults.

Cheung C, Wyman J, Halcon L. Use of complementary and alternative therapies in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2007;13:997-1006.

Wolsko PM, Eisenberg DM, Davis RD, Phillips RS. Use of mind–body medical therapies: results of a national survey. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2004;19:43-50.

Saper RB, Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Culpepper L, Phillips, RS. Prevalence and patterns of adult yoga use in the United States: results of a national survey. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2004;10:44-49.

Murray JB. What is meditation? Does it help? Genetic Psychology Monographs. 1982;106:85-115.

Yuen E, Baime M. Meditation and healthy aging. In: Mackenzie E, Rakel B, eds. Complementary and alternative medicine for older adults: A guide to holistic approaches to healthy aging. New York, NY: Springer; 2006:233-270.

Ott MJ. Yoga as a clinical intervention. Advance for Nurse Practitioners. 2002;10:81-3,90.

Latha D, Kaliappan KV. Efficacy of yoga therapy in the management of headaches. Journal of Indian Psychology. 1992;10(1-2):41-47.

Patel C. Yoga and biofeedback in the management of hypertension. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1975;19:355-360.

Bower JE, Woolery A, Sternlieb B, Garet D. Yoga for cancer patients and survivors. Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center. 2005;12:165-171.

Carlson LE, Speca M, Patel KD, Goodey E. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29:448-474.

Lerner M, Remen RN. Tradecraft of the commonweal cancer help program. Advances. 1987;4:11-25.

Ross A, Mackenzie M, Culos-Reed, S. Yoga for prostate cancer survivors (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:31.

Sohl S, Schnur J, Daly L, Suslov K, Montgomery, G. Development of a brief yoga intervention implemented while patients are undergoing chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer: The journey. (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:34.

Brown RP, Gerbarg PL. Sudarshan kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: Part II-clinical applications and guidelines. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2005;11:711-717.

Scott M, Masterson M, Elmer L, Coca L, Jarouche E, Krumdieck A, Kovar E. The effects of a yoga program on Parkinson's disease. (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:32.

Waeld, LC, Thompson L, Gallagher-Thompson D. A pilot study of a yoga and meditation intervention for dementia caregiver stress. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2004;60:677-687.

Watanabe E, Fukuda S, Hara H, Shirakawa T. Altered responses of saliva cortisol and mood status by long-period special yoga exercise mixed with meditation and guided imagery. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science. 2002;20:585-587.

Miller JJ, Fletcher K, Kabat-Zinn J. Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry. 1995;17:192-200.

Venkatesh S, Pal M, Negi BS, Varma VK. A comparative study of yoga practitioners and controls on certain psychological variables. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1994;21:22-27.

Allen KS, Steinkohl RP. Yoga in a geriatric mental clinic. Activities, Adaptation & Aging. 1987;9:61-68.

Ransom T. The power of the mind: The relationship between mindfulness, quality of life, and anxiety for older adults with chronic illness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine; 2009.

Sharma NR, Yadava A, Hooda D. Effect of yoga on psycho-physical functions. Journal of Indian Psychology. 2005;23:37-42.

Innes K, Selfe T, Brown C, Alexander G, Taylor, A. Perceived benefits of an 8-week yoga program in older adults: Preliminary findings from two randomized controlled trials. (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:26.

Bhushan S, Sinha P. Yoganidra and management of anxiety and hostility. Journal of Indian Psychology. 2001;19:44-49.

Leslie RC. Yoga and the fear of death. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. 1976;8:128-132.

Berger BG, Owen DR. Mood alteration with yoga and swimming: Aerobic exercise may not be necessary. Perceptual & Motor Skills. 1992;75(3, Pt 2):1331-1343.

Lavey R, Sherman T, Mueser KT, Osborne DD, Currier M, Wolfe R. The effects of yoga on mood in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. 2005;28:399-402.

Netz Y, Lidor R. Mood alterations in mindful versus aerobic exercise modes. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied. 2003;137:405-419.

Nowakowska C. Evaluation of relaxation and concentration exercises modeled on yoga in the treatment of psychogenic mental disorders. Psychiatria Polska. 1982;16:365-370.

Wintering N, Roggenkamp H, Khalsa D, Newberg A. The benefits of kirtan kriya meditation with adults with memory loss: A preliminary study. (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:38.

Innes K, Selfe T, Brown C, Rose K, Thompson-Heisterman, A. Effects of medication on perceived stress, sleep, mood, and related outcomes in adults with cognitive impairments and their caregivers: An exploratory study. (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:27.

Kaye VG. An innovative treatment modality for elderly residents of a nursing home. Clinical Gerontologist. 1985;3:45-51.

Ray US, Mukhopadhyaya S, Purkayastha SS, Asnani, V, Tomer, OS, Prashad, R. Effect of yogic exercises on physical and mental health of young fellowship course trainees. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2001;45:37-53.

Bennett S, Weintraub A, Khalsa, B. Initial evaluation of the LifeForce Yoga Program as a therapeutic intervention for depression. International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2008;18:49-57.

Broota A, Dhir R. Efficacy of two relaxation techniques in depression. Journal of Personality & Clinical Studies. 1990;6:83-90.

Kreitzer MJ, Gross CR, Ye X, Russas V, Treesak C. Longitudinal impact of mindfulness meditation on illness burden in solid-organ transplant recipients. Progress in Transplantation. 2005;15:166-172.

Mishra M, Sinha RK. Effect of yogic practices on depression and anxiety. Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health. 2001;8:23-27.

Selfe T, Innes K. Effects of meditation on knee pain, function, and related outcomes in older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee: An exploratory study. (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:33.

Garfinkel M, Schumacher HR. Yoga. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2000;26:125-32.

Hansen E. Yoga for seniors for arthritis: A pilot study. International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010;20:55-60.

Williams KA, Petronis J, Smith D, Goodrich D, Wu J, Ravi N, Doyle E, Juckett G, Kolar M, Gross R, Steinberg L. Effect of Iyengar yoga therapy for chronic low back pain. Pain. 2005;115:107-117.

Bonadies V. A yoga therapy program for AIDS-related pain and anxiety: implications for therapeutic recreation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal. 2004;38:148-166.

Rosenzweig S, Greeson J, Reibel D, Green J, Jasser S, Beasley D. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic pain conditions: Variation in treatment outcomes and role of home meditation practice. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2010; 68:29-36.

Gura ST. Yoga for stress reduction and injury prevention at work. Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. 2002;19:3-7.

Harrison LJ, Manocha R, Rubia K. Sahaja yoga meditation as a family treatment programme for children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry. 2004;9:479-497.

Sahajpal P, Ralte R. Impact of induced yogic relaxation training (IYRT) on stress-level, self-concept and quality of sleep among minority group individuals. Journal of Indian Psychology. 2000;18:66-73.

Khalsa S. Treatment of chronic insomnia with yoga: a preliminary study with sleep-wake diaries. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback. 2004;29:269-278.

Manjunath NK, Telles S. Influence of yoga & Ayurveda on self-rated sleep in a geriatric population. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2005;121:683-690.

Cohen M, Halpern J, Kennedy G, Cahan, K, Baharav, A. Yoga for improving sleep and life quality in the elderly population. (abstract). International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2010; Supplement 1:20.

Grossman P, Niemann L, Schmidt S, Walach H. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2004;57:35-43.

Chies, A, Serretti A. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2009;15(5):593-600.

Ledesma D, Kumano H. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cancer: a meta-analysis. Psycho-Oncology. 2009;18:571-579.

Bonura K. The Impact of Yoga on Psychological Health in Older Adults. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Tallahassee, FL: The Florida State University; 2007.

Lasater J. Living your yoga: Finding the spiritual in everyday life. Berkeley, CA: Rodmell Press; 2000.

Devananda Swami Vishnu. In the foreword to L. Lidell, The Book of Yoga. London, England: Ebury Press; 1983.

Grembowski D, Patrick D, Diehr P, Durham M, Beresford S, Kay E, Hecht J. Self-efficacy and health behavior among older adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1993;34:89-104.

Bethany K, Pargman D, Tenenbaum G, Kelly FD. Teacher's pet: relationships as motivation in senior citizen fitness. Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology; 2006, Miami, Florida.

Lubben J, Gironda M. centrality of social ties to the health and well-being of older adults. In: Berkman, B, Harootyan, L, eds. Social Work and Health Care in an Aging Society: Education, Policy, Practice, and Research, New York, NY: Springer; 2003.

Bonura KB, Pargman D. The effects of yoga versus exercise on stress, anxiety, and depression in older adults. International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2009;19:79-89.

Bonura KB. Chair Yoga with Standing Poses (Audio CD). Tallahassee, FL: Yoga by Kimberlee Bethany Bonura; 2002.

Bonura KB. Chair Yoga with Standing Poses (DVD). Tallahassee, FL: Yoga by Kimberlee Bethany Bonura; 2006.

Rosenzweig S, Greeson J, Reibel D, Green J, Jasser S, Beasley D. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic pain conditions: Variation in treatment outcomes and role of home meditation practice. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2010;68:29-36.

Nelson M, Rejeski W, Blair S, Duncan P, Judge J, King A, Macera C, Castaneda-Sceppa C. Physical activity and public health in older adults: a recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise. 2007;39(8):1435-1445.

Ross A, Thomas S. The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2010;16(1):3-12.

Krucoff C, Carson K, Peterson M, Shipp K, Krucoff M. Teaching yoga to seniors: essential considerations to enhance safety and reduce risk in a uniquely vulnerable age group. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2010;16(8):899-905.

Wang D. The use of yoga for physical and mental health among older adults: a review of the literature. International Journal of Yoga Therapy. 2009;19:91-96.

Mackenzie E, Rakel B, eds. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Older Adults: Holistic Approaches to Healthy Aging. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.

Durstine J, Moore G. Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2003.

  • Download PDF